STANDARDIZATION OF WORK

Standardization of work is a sensitive area of management activity, so mistakes are very common to occur. The risk of error is twofold: if the standards are set too low and if they are set high. In both cases the work efficiency is being lost.

Standardization of work and determining of standards are carried out through seven steps:

Step 1 The choice of work.

Step 2 Inform employees that the performance of his work is the subject of time study.

Step 3 Divide the work into smaller elements.

Step 4 Determine the size of the sample. Sample size is determined by formula:

Where: z = number of standard deviations with the corresponding error risk,

            s = standard deviation of the sample,

            a = degree of accuracy,

            x = average value of the sample.

Step 5 Measure the time of performing each element of work.

Step 6 Calculate the usual time.

Step 7 Assess the standard time.

Standard time is the time required by a worker with standard experience to complete a given task when working at a pace sustainable for an entire workday under normal working conditions and work methods.

The time study engineer multiplies observed time with a factor known as "rating factor" to get the basic time. This is expressed as a percentage of the efficiency of operator, which indicates how efficient an operator is in comparison to some of his average fellow workers. To get the standard time, a proper allowance must be added consisting the working conditions. Types of allowance are:

1. Machine allowances.

2. Relaxation allowance.

3. Interference allowance.

4. Process allowance.

5. Contingency allowance.

6. Special allowance.